Political Science Syllabus Class 11th
Part A: Indian Constitution at Work
Philosophy of the Constitution
The making of the Constitution, the constituent Assembly, Procedural achievements, and Philosophy of the Constitution.
Rights in the Indian Constitution
The importance of Rights, Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution, Directive Principles of State Policy, Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles.
Election and Representation
Elections and Democracy, Election System in India, Reservation of Constituencies, Free and Fair Elections, Electoral Reforms.
Legislature
Why do we need a Parliament? Two Houses of Parliament. Functions and Power of the Parliament, Legislative functions, control over Executive. Parliamentary committees. Self-regulation.
Executive
What is an Executive? Different Types of Executive. Parliamentary Executive in India, Prime Minister, and Council of Ministers. Permanent Executive: Bureaucracy.
Judiciary
Why do we need an Independent Judiciary? Structure of the Judiciary, Judicial Activism, Judiciary and Rights, Judiciary and Parliament.
Federalism
What is Federalism? Federalism in the Indian Constitution, Federalism with a strong Central Government, conflicts in India’s federal system, Special Provisions.
Local Governments
Why do we need Local Governments? Growth of Local Government in India, 73rd and 74th Amendments, implementation of 73rd and 74th Amendments.
Constitution as a Living Document
Are Constitutions static? The procedure to amend the Constitution. Why have there been so many amendments? Basic Structure and Evolution of the Constitution. Constitution as a Living Document.
Part B: Political Theory
Political Theory: An Introduction
What is Politics? What do we study in Political Theory? Putting Political Theory to practice. Why should we study Politial Theory?
Freedom
The Ideal of Freedom. What is Freedom? Why do we need constraints? Harm principle. Negative and Positive Liberty.
Equality
Significance of Equality. What is Equality? Various dimensions of Equality. How can we promote Equality?
Social Justice
What is Justice? Just Distribution. Justice as fairness. Pursuing Social Justice.
Rights
What are Rights? Where do Rights come from? Legal Rights and the State. Kinds of Rights. Rights and Responsibilities.
Citizenship
What is citizenship? Citizen and Nation, Universal Citizenship, Global Citizenship.
Nationalism
Nations and Nationalism, National Self-determination, Nationalism and Pluralism.
Secularism
What is Secularism? What is Secular State? The Western and the Indian approaches to Secularism. Criticisms and Rationale of Indian Secularism.
Peace
What is Peace? Can violence ever promote peace? Peace and the State. Different Approaches to the pursuit of peace. Contemporary challenges to peace.
Development
What is development? Criticism of the dominant. Development Model. Alternative conceptions of development.
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Political Science Syllabus Class 12th
Part A: Contemporary World Politics
Unit 1: Cold War Era
• Emergence of two power blocs after the second world war
• Arenas of the cold war
• Challenges to Bipolarity −
o Non Aligned Movement
o Quest for new international economic order
• India and the cold war
Unit 2: The End of Bipolarity
• New entities in world politics −
o Russia
o Balkan states
o Central Asian states
• Introduction of democratic politics and capitalism in post-communist regimes
• India’s relations with Russia and other post-communist countries
Unit 3: US Hegemony in World Politics
• Growth of unilateralism −
o Afghanistan
o First Gulf War
o Response to 9/11 and attack on Iraq
• Dominance and challenge to the US in economy and ideology
• India’s renegotiation of its relationship with the USA
Unit 4: Alternative Centers of Power
• Rise of China as an economic power in post-Maoera, creation and expansion of European Union, ASEAN
• India’s changing relations with China
Unit 5: Contemporary South Asia in the Post-Cold War Era
• Democratisation in Pakistan and Nepal
• Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka
• Impact of economic globalization on the region
• Conflicts and efforts for peace in South Asia
• India’s relations with its neighbours
Unit 6: International Organizations
• Restructuring and the future of the UN
• India’s position in the restructured UN
• Rise of new international actors −
o New international economic organisations
o NGOs
• How democratic and accountable are the new institutions of global governance?
Unit 7: Security in Contemporary World
• Traditional concerns of security and politics of disarmament
• Non-traditional or human security −
o Global poverty
o Health
o Education
• Issues of human rights and migration
Unit 8: Environment and Natural Resources
• Environment movement and evolution of global environmental norms
• Conflicts over traditional and common property resources
• Rights of indigenous people
• India’s stand in global environmental debates
Unit 9: Globalisation
• Economic, cultural and political manifestations
• Debates on the nature of consequences of globalization
• Anti-globalisation movements
• India as an arena of globalization and struggle against it
Part B: Politics in India since Independence
Unit 10: Challenges of Nation-Building
• Nehru’s approach to nation-building
• Legacy of partition −
o Challenge of ‘refugee’ resettlement
o The kashmir problem
• Organisation and reorganization of states −
o Political conflicts over language
Unit 11: Era of One-Party Dominance
• First three general elections −
o Nature of Congress dominance at the national level
o Uneven dominance at the state level
o Coalitional nature of Congress
• Major opposition parties
Unit 12: Politics of Planned Development
• Five year plans, expansion of state sector and the rise of new economic interests
• Famine and suspension of five year plans
• Green revolution and its political fallouts
Unit 13: India’s External Relations
• Nehru’s foreign policy
• Sino-Indian war of 1962
• Indo-Pak war of 1965 and 1971
• India’s nuclear programme
• Shifting alliance in world politics
Unit 14: Challenges to the Congress System
• Political succession after Nehru
• Non-Congressism and electoral upset of 1967
• Congress split and reconstitution
• Congress’ victory in 1971 elections
• Politics of ‘garibi hatao’
Unit 15: Crisis of the Democratic Order
• Search for ‘committed’ bureaucracy and judiciary
• Navnirman movement in Gujarat and the Bihar movement
• Emergency −
o Context
o Constitutional and extra-constitutional dimensions
o Resistance to emergency
• 1977 elections and the formation of Janata Party
• Rise of civil liberties organisations
Unit 16: Popular Movements in India
• Farmers’ movements
• Women’s movement
• Environment and Development-affected people’s movements
• Implementation of Mandal Commission report and its aftermath
Unit 17: Regional Aspirations
• Rise of regional parties
• Punjab crisis and the anti-Sikh riots of 1984
• The Kashmir situation
• Challenges and responses in the North East
Unit 18: Recent Developments in Indian Politics
• Participatory upsurge in1990s
• Rise of the JD and the BJP
• Increasing role of regional parties and coalition politics
• Coalition governments
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